Experimental Planning

考纲要求

• Identify independent variable (IV), dependent variable (DV), and control variables (CVs) [2 marks]
• Describe method to vary IV and measure DV [5 marks]
• Draw labelled diagram of workable experiment
• Describe method of analysis [3 marks]
• Additional detail including safety [6 marks]

常见题型

• Mechanics Experiments — springs, motion, forces
• Electrical Experiments — circuits, capacitors, coils
• Thermal Experiments — heating, cooling
• Wave Experiments — standing waves, sound

核心公式

Linearization is key:

• $y = ax^n \rightarrow \lg y = \lg a + n \lg x$
• $y = ae^{kx} \rightarrow \ln y = \ln a + kx$
• $y = \frac{a}{x} \rightarrow y = a \cdot \frac{1}{x}$

常见错误

• 混淆 IV 和 DV（看题目中 "how $Y$ varies with $X$" → $X$ = IV, $Y$ = DV）
• 控制变量不具体
• 忘记重复测量