核心公式
a=−ω2x(defining equation of SHM)
x=x0sinωt
v=v0cosωt=±ωx02−x2
v0=ωx0,a0=ω2x0
ω=2πf=T2π
E=21mω2x02=21mv02
图形关系
| 图 | 形状 | 关键点 |
|---|
| x-t | 正弦/余弦 | x0 = 振幅 |
| v-t | 余弦(领先 x 为 π/2) | v0=ωx0 |
| a-t | 负正弦(与 x 反相) | a0=ω2x0 |
| v-x | 椭圆 | 截距 v0, x0 |
EK=21mω2(x02−x2)
EP=21mω2x2
Etotal=EK+EP=21mω2x02
考前 checklist
关键句
Simple harmonic motion: acceleration proportional to displacement and in opposite direction to displacement.
Total energy of SHM: E=21mω2x02, constant.