MS 模式总结

通用模式

题型	分值	典型得分点
编译阶段匹配	3-4	M1 lexical analysis tokenisation / symbol table; A1 syntax analysis parse tree; B1 code generation / optimisation
BNF 验证	3-4	M1 正确推导; A1 valid/invalid 判断; A1 解释
BNF 规则书写	2-3	M1 正确使用 `::=` 和 `
调度计算	5-6	M1 Gantt chart; A1 各进程等待时间; B1 平均值
虚拟内存	4-5	M1 定义; A1 paging 机制; B1 thrashing
解释器	2-3	M1 逐行执行; A1 不生成 object code
RPN 转换	2-3	M1 正确栈操作; A1 最终 RPN 表达式正确

Lexical analysis — "converts source code into tokens" / "removes comments and whitespace" / "creates symbol table"
Syntax analysis — "checks syntax against grammar rules" / "builds parse tree / syntax tree"
Code generation — "generates machine code / object code" / "uses symbol table and syntax tree"
Optimisation — "improves efficiency" / "removes redundant code"
Virtual memory — "uses disk space as extension of RAM" / "allows programs larger than physical memory to run"
Paging — "divides memory into fixed-size blocks"
Segmentation — "divides memory into variable-size blocks"
Thrashing — "frequent swapping / paging" / "CPU spends most time paging"
Interpreter — "translates and executes line by line" / "does not produce object code"